You, revealed to me the wonder of four seasons.
You, brought me my dear friends.
You, made me healthier and stronger.
I was full of joy when I came.
I am full of sweet memory when I am leaving.

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I saw you fourteen times, in different outlooks, from spring to winter.
I admired you, your charming heathers.
I was fearful of you, your wicked mire, I stepped in three times.
You are lucky, so many nice people are taking care of you.
I am lucky too, they taught me who you are, and most important of all, how to live with this world.

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img_5876.JPG 這世界很奇妙。不丹是一個不為人熟悉的亞洲小國﹐與尼泊爾和印度接壤。英國現時有十多個來自不丹的學生﹐命運卻偏偏安排了其中一個做我在英國讀書時的同學﹐他並且成為了我的好朋友。我沒有到過不丹﹐但從他身上我漸漸認識這個獨特的國家﹐也體會到不丹人與眾不同的性格。

不丹是一個彿教國家﹐對於西方媒體﹐它是一個神秘的國度﹐因為它不鼓勵旅遊業﹐遊客若要到訪這國家﹐每停留一日﹐需要繳交二百美元的費用。西方傳媒也對這國家獨有的「國民快樂指數」感到著迷和嘖嘖稱奇(其實對於不丹人﹐這指數和外國所提倡的一切需從國民利益出發的原則無異)﹐有西方傳媒甚至稱這國家的人為世界上最快樂的人(事實是不丹人跟你我一樣﹐會購物﹐會看電視﹐男孩子會喜歡打遊戲機)。

他是一個佛教徒﹐平時我聽慣別人說「希望上帝保祐」﹐但遇上他﹐我會聽到「希望佛陀保祐」。他不讀佛經﹐他在他本國也很少上佛寺﹐拜佛的事﹐他交由他的妻子處理。按不丹傳統﹐佛僧敲門要食物﹐人們有義務向他們施捨。若有人需要上寺院修佛﹐鄰里會支付所有費用。

他雖然住在首都﹐但他過的是鄉村式群體生活。他認識村裡的所有人﹐村裡人也認識他和村裡的每一個人。不丹人的鄰里關係很緊密﹐這也意味著你的一舉一動﹐全村人也會知道。好像他來英國前﹐就有兩星期村裡人到他家裡寒喧送行﹐他從英國回國﹐也有兩星期村裡人到他家歡迎他回家。如果是在中國或香港﹐我想只有當你成了奧運冠軍才有可能出現全村人出動歡迎你的場面。

在不丹﹐村裡的人每年都為很多事情忙碌﹐每逢有人生小孩、結婚、過身或有特別事情﹐他們都會到訪有關人家﹐送上禮物﹐吃喝一番。他跟我說﹐他在他本國很忙﹐因為有時是同事生日﹐有時是村裡人結婚﹐或誰人去世﹐他就要買禮物出席有關禮儀。

如果你是不丹人﹐倘若有來自它區的親友到訪你住的那區﹐按習俗你需要招呼他們到你家﹐提供免費食宿。如果他們選擇不到你的家﹐這表示他們並不尊重你。這種習俗對香港人來說真的不可思議。

佛教是一門平和的宗教﹐有趣的是不丹人卻好喝烈酒﹐這看似與佛教徒有點格格不入。不丹人喝烈酒是他們文化的一部份﹐正如中國人喝茶一樣。他們喝的烈酒是伏特加及威士忌之類的。有次我辦派對﹐要求來客每人帶一碟菜或一些飲料。他說他會帶飲料來。我期望他帶的是大家都會喝的飲料﹐例如啤酒、餐酒之類﹐怎知他竟然只帶來一瓶伏特加。我打開瓶蓋一聞﹐完全是消毒火酒的氣味﹐最後當然只有他一人喝畢這伏特加。我真的給他氣死﹐幸好我的一位宿友那天也為派對預備了一些餐酒。

喝伏特加對他來說就像喝開水﹐他在他本國會從早上開始喝伏特加﹐一直喝到晚上。他七歲便開始喝伏特加﹐他的大兒子(12歲)也開始喝起來。他妻子也喝。他說﹐如果在不丹去拜訪一個人﹐那人若不提供烈酒招呼﹐訪客會不高興。烈酒在不丹很便宜﹐比啤酒、餐酒便宜很多。在英國烈酒很昂貴﹐他在英國每次去超級市場也抵擋不住誘惑要買酒﹐但只買甜酒(我曾試過一口﹐很難入口)﹐因為便宜。

只要是烈酒﹐他便會喜歡﹐不論是伏特加還是威士忌﹐也不論是什麼牌子。對於啤酒﹐他並不喜歡﹐他到英國酒吧只會喝最便宜的啤酒﹐因為什麼牌子的啤酒對他來說都沒有分別﹐乾脆買最便宜的好了。他在英國喜歡到酒吧﹐還經常拉我一同去。我原本不喜歡喝啤酒的﹐酒量也很淺﹐陪他喝得多﹐我現在也勉強可以喝點啤酒。

他有著佛教徒的性格﹐溫純平和﹐為人善良﹐他樂天知命﹐喜歡笑﹐也喜歡說笑。不過有時他以為自己在說笑﹐我或其它人卻不知道他說的是笑話。有次我和他去見我們的老師(那老師也是我的論文導師)。我和他經常開玩笑﹐要為功課成績等等鬥一番。他的論文導師說他的論文很好﹐我的論文導師(即是我們一起見的那老師)也讚我的論文寫得很好﹐於是他問那老師﹐我的論文是否出色(即是比「很好」更好)?那老師呆了一呆(我的論文只花了兩個多星期完成﹐我又沒有作出什麼深入研究﹐我的論文怎會是出色呢?我的導師說我的論文非常好﹐已經是他可作出的最高評價了)﹐他又問那老師多一次﹐我見形勢不妙﹐立刻說些其它話替那老師解圍。我真給他氣死﹐他原來是想說笑﹐但無論是我還是那老師都察覺不出他那時正在說笑。

他經常做傻事﹐他也經常為此而笑。他做的傻事各色其式﹐例如他不會記得英國的夏令時間什麼時候開始和結束;上堂時間或地點改了﹐他會搞錯新的時間或地點;我叫他買兩張來回火車票﹐賣票的人給了他三張來回票﹐他不當場問售票的﹐反而之後才跟我說不明白為什麼那售票的給了他三張來回票;他扭傷了腰﹐不能再彎腰﹐但為了要知道他的行李是否超過航空公司所訂的上限﹐他彎腰提起行李來感覺一下行李的重量﹐卻不知道即使是提起行李﹐也可以是直著腰而不一定要彎著腰來做;他回家之前在曼谷買了很多很貴的香水給他妻子﹐怎知上飛機前才發現手提行李不可以有液體﹐於是只好把香水全扔進垃圾筒。

他的傻事真是多得不得了﹐但他並不因此而感到不高興﹐相反他總愛為自己的傻事而捧腹大笑。他的傻有時也帶著善良的心。他在英國的時候﹐有次在垃圾筒旁邊拾到兩張五英磅的紙幣﹐由於是在垃圾筒旁邊拾到的關係﹐他不肯定它們是真還是假(我看過那些紙幣﹐對我來說﹐我會當是真的﹐因為我看不出它們是假的)﹐我叫他把它們使用掉吧﹐他卻不肯﹐堅持要交給不丹的銀行(他怕若交給英國的銀行﹐銀行會當他使用偽鈔)。他離開英國前需要結束銀行戶口﹐按英國銀行程序﹐他要先填寫有關申請表格並交還銀行的提款卡﹐幾天後銀行才會把你的戶口餘額交給你並正式結束你戶口。我建議他為安全起見﹐他應該先把戶口餘額提走﹐然後才申請結束戶口﹐那麼他就不用理會銀行什麼時候結束戶口, 什麼時候把餘額交給他了。他不聽﹐卻老老實實地跟足銀行程序去做。銀行職員跟他說﹐交還提款卡後兩個工作天﹐銀行會退回戶口餘額給他。於是他在乘飛機回國前四個工作天, 向銀行交還了提款卡但在這之前卻沒有提走戶口餘款。我就嚇唬他﹐銀行職員可以說話不算數﹐那麼他就可能在回國前取不回他的戶口餘額了。幸好這事並沒有發生。

雖然他經常做傻事﹐他在人際關係上卻很成熟。他關心別人﹐樂於助人﹐為人慷慨。他在不丹是做檢控官﹐他在他本國出差公幹﹐他辦公室會派司機為他駕車。雖然這些司機可以向辦公室報銷費用, 但他總會自掏腰包替他司機支付費用﹐當然他的司機會仍會報銷費用, 這樣便可變相賺取報銷的費用。因此每當他要在國內出差, 他辦公室的司機都爭著要當他的司機。

他對老師很尊重。他從不丹帶來了一些小禮物﹐他臨離開英國的學校前﹐都親自把這些禮物送給他的老師﹐不是因為他喜歡那老師﹐只是因為那是他的老師。他送禮物之前還問我﹐他這樣做會否被視為賄賂。我叫他放心好了。

他對朋友重情義, 當他的每一位宿友離開英國校園回本國, 他都親自到車站送別, 儘管是凌晨時份。他向我埋怨, 他送走的所有宿友離開後都沒有發電郵給他報平安, 總是一去後就音訊全無, 他因此感到失望。

我原本住的宿舍要關閉維修﹐我因此要搬到另一棟宿舍。我搬宿舍的那早上﹐他帶來了他所有的空行李箱和背包﹐他平日不吃早餐﹐但那早上﹐他來之前卻刻意吃了一頓早餐﹐預備氣力幫我搬宿舍。他幫我和我的宿友把東西入箱、搬箱﹐那時他還未弄傷他的腰﹐他用他的肩膊背起重重的行李上落樓梯﹐還邊扛邊跟我們說話﹐我們真替他捏一把汗。

後來我在新的宿舍受鄰房男生性騷擾﹐他很為我擔心﹐強烈建議我調房避開那壞人。因為事件發生在星期五晚上, 我要等到之後的星期一才可跟學校說。在我仍住在舊房間的時候﹐他每天早上和晚上都問候我﹐看我心情如何。我得到學校同意調房後﹐他立刻幫我搬房。除了我的私人用品外﹐他替我把房裡的所有東西入箱、搬箱、甚至幫我拆箱擺放東西﹐可謂無微不至。因為有他的幫助﹐我可以在兩個小時內完成搬房﹐包括把東西重新擺放在我的新房。他真是一位難能可貴的朋友, 一位與我共患難的朋友。

他也有文人的一面。原來在不丹﹐學生自小便學英文﹐除了不丹文一科外﹐上課和課本也用英文﹐政府和商業文件也通用英文。他的書寫英文非常好﹐寫得一手優雅古典的英文, 怪不得他曾在不丹的某公開考試考獲首名。他經常引用沙士比亞的話﹐我一聽他引用﹐我就皺眉﹐因為很慚愧﹐我一點也不會。

他人緣很好﹐他離開英國校園回國那晚上﹐雖然他要乘搭的公車時間是凌晨兩點﹐他全部宿友都到校園的公車站向他送行。車子來了﹐他逐一跟他的宿友和我擁抱告別。上車的一刻﹐他垂下頭﹐雖然他在上車前仍是有講有笑的﹐但這一刻﹐我感到他是真的悲傷了。

他離開英國前跟我說的最後一句話是「我的最好朋友」, 就是他臨別擁抱我時說的。

 

The heathers finally bloomed extensively. The bright violet colors of bell heathers and ling heathers were so eye-catching.

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In the summer, there was not much conservation work. Summer is the season of flowering and thus in summer, the volunteers spent most of their time on recording the types, the numbers and the location of the rare plants for monitoring their growth. The major rare plant they are working to protect is the marsh gentian, a rare plant of wet heathland that has declined markedly this century. Before summer came and from April, they made wire cages to cover the new leaves of the plant for protecting them from treading by the rabbits and other animals.

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Early August, the plant finally flowered. Their delicate blue flowers did not come easily.

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Then in mid August, their flowering has almost finished and volunteers removed the weeds surrrouding them and hoped their seeds could be dispersed and there would be more flowers next year.

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I never like snakes, especially the poisonous ones. However, the volunteers of Buxton Heath are fans of insects and reptiles such as adders (the only poisonous snake native to Britain and are protected animals in Britain, see the left picture below) and slow worms (legless lizards and are protected animals in Britain, see the middle picture below).

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April – May is their mating season when they come out from hibernation. The volunteers recorded and monitored the number of adders and slow worms during that period. They also created some basking places for these animals – tin sheets (see the right picture above). Whenever they found them, they were always excited while I usually just glanced at them and walked away.

Last week, I have done something I could not believe myself – I cut off the gorses along the bank, just for those adders and slow worms! The reason is that they are cold-blooded but we human beings are warm-blooded (full of love). They hibernate from September to March and they need basking (sun bath) for keeping their bodies warm. They are living along the bank in Buxton Heath. If we do not cut off the gorses, they may grow so densely to block the sunshine reaching them. Anyway, I have done something good for them and for their offsprings even though I do not have a heart for them (the left and the middle pictures below show the gorses bushes before and after my cutting respectively).

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Isle of Skye is the largest of Scotland’s islands and also part of the Scottish Highlands. The best way to travel in Skye is by car, but since we could not drive, we first reached the end point of the Scottish Rail, Kyle of Lochalsh, then took a bus to Portree, the capital town of Skye. The next day we took a bus to Dunvegan Castle and joined a tour to visit some places in the Skye.

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Sheep were found everywhere in the Highlands. They were so cute.
One can also easily find the prickly purple thistle which is the emblem of Scotland (see the first picture on the left above).

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Dunvegan Castle has been the stronghold of the Chiefs of MacLeod for nearly 800 years. The castle represents a typical example of the clan system in the Highlands of Scotland. Clans identify with geographical areas originally controlled by the Chiefs, usually with an ancestral castle or manor. The clan chief had duties in relation to clan members, which included providing help and support (including the allocation of smaller parcels of land) and, in the absence of any other legal framework, resolution of disputes and exercising justice. The clan chief could also demand that clan members join him either in defending clan lands or on raids on adjoining territory to extend clan lands or steal cattle. Each clan has its own tartan patterns. The clan system was the effective means of government in the Highlands from around 1000 AD until it was essentially eliminated by the British in 1745, due to partly the monarch’s wish to establish his authority and partly the influence of the Lowlands to the Highlands.

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We had experienced hospitality and friendliness in Portree. Our accomodation was about half hour’s walk from the town centre. One day while we were leaving our accomodation for the town centre, a taxi suddenly stopped by us. The driver was an old man full of grey hair. He offered to give us a free ride. In his own words, “for showing our hospitality. I am going to the town centre anyway”.  Still, we were grateful for his kindness.

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The pier of Portree was very pretty under the blue sky. There we met a local resident who pointed to us a seal emerging from the water (see the first picture on the left below). He said the seal came close to the pier and scared off the mackerels which he was trying to fish. We had a short chat. He was very friendly and showed us where we should visit in the Skye.

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Walking in Inverness city centre is very pleasant, the Inverness River passing by you and the hills surrouding you.

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In the city centre, there was a Victorian market.

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Not only one, but two brave men were found standing in the middle of the stream, just for fishing, bracing for the rain and the currents.

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Loch Ness is the largest body of fresh water in Britain, holding more than all the lakes and reservoirs in England and Wales put together. It is 39km long, average depth of 132m. A cruise in it did not enable us to find the Loch Ness monster, but to reach the Urquhart Castle.

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St. Andrews, once a major pilgrimage centre and now a small old town, is easily associated with three things: beach, golf and university.

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The beach with the old houses at the backdrop, is fascinating. One can simply sit there, watching over the tides going up and down, immersed in it. The beach scenes at the movie “Chariots of Fire” were also filmed there.

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St. Andrews is the golf sport’s spiritual home and headquarters of its governing body. The old course there is one of the oldest golf courses in the world.

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St. Andrews University, founded in 1413, is Scotland’s first university and the third oldest in the UK. It is a small university with 6799 full-time students in 2006/2007, representing about 40% of the total population of St. Andrews. The university has four faculties: arts, divinity, medicine and science. With divinity as a separate faculty and in the absence of social science or business faculty, one can see this university is focused on humanities. One of the famous alumni of the university is Prince William.

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I cannot say I like Edinburgh too much. It was a pleasant walk in its old town stepping on its cobbled streets and alleys. As the capital city of Scotland, like most big cities, I find it too much crammed with buildings.

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The new Scottish parliament building in Edinburgh was opened in 2004 following the devolution of power from Westminster to Scottish parliament. I was interested to see the building to find out what had made its final construction cost exceeding initial budget by 390 million British Pounds. Regardless of the appearance of the building, its location with the Arthur’s Seat (a hill) at the back has already won its credit. At the time of my visit there, there was no parliament sessions and anyone was welcome to visit its assemby hall and other meeting venues. It is indeed an open parliament.

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Holyroodhouse (palace of Scottish monarch) is another interesting place in Edinburgh, not for its architechture, but for the legendary and tragic life of Mary, Queen of Scotland (1542-1587). She became queen of Scotland at 6 years old. At 15 years old, she married King François II of France. After her first husband died and at 22 years old, she married Lord Darnley who became arrogant and had attacked her and unsuccessfully attempted to cause her to miscarry their unborn child. One year after her second marriage, Darnley murdered her private secretary, David Riccio in front of her because he was jealous of her friendship with Riccio. The next year Darnley was killed and the killer was believed to be Bothwell who then became Mary’s third husband. Then she was imprisoned by the Scottish lords and was forced to abdicate the Scottish throne in favour of her one-year-old son. She then fled to England but was imprisoned by Queen Elizabeth I of England for 19 years and was executed at 44 years old. Elizabeth I wanted to remove Mary because Mary was next in line to the English throne after Elizabeth who was childless. In the eyes of many Catholics Elizabeth I was illegitimate, making Mary the true heir.

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